Court of Criminal Appeals: The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals is the highest court in the State of Oklahoma with appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases.

Family Care Plan: A more robust, trauma-informed and family-centered iteration of the Plan of Safe Care which is less agency-driven and is ideally initiated in the pre-pregnancy or prenatal period. 

Harm Reduction: An approach to public health which focuses on reducing the negative consequences of risky behaviors rather than attempting to eliminate them. Harm reduction approaches are based on the premise that punitive policies fail as deterrents and instead are barriers to best-practice care. 

Individualized Service Plan (ISP): A written plan put together with the participation of the parent/legal guardian(s) and attorney for a child determined to be “deprived,” which is principally focused on ensuring the health and safety of the child.  

Infants with Prenatal Substance Exposure (IPSE): Both the terms substance exposed newborn and neonatal abstinence syndrome/neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome can be used to describe an infant who was exposed to substances during pregnancy. However, these terms are not the same, nor are they interchangeable. While any infant who is exposed to substances during pregnancy and tests positive for substance exposure is considered a substance exposed newborn, only those infants who show observable symptoms associated with substance withdrawal can be diagnosed with NAS or NOWS. Given that the effects of opioid withdrawal for substance exposed newborns are more understood than those effects associated with other substances, most diagnoses today use the term NOWS. 

Justice Involvement: Justice involvement describes the process of having an open case with a law enforcement or legal oversight agency such as a local police department, federal law enforcement, or the Oklahoma Department of Health and Human Services (OKDHS). In some communities, justice involvement is considered to refer only to criminal justice related proceedings. 

Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT): MAT is a treatment approach for Opioid Use Disorder that utilizes MOUDs as the primary intervention. This term is being phased out in favor of saying “medications for substance use disorder.”

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD): These medications, such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, assist users in reducing and ending their opioid use by managing potential psychological and physiological symptoms associated with quitting. 

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): A condition where an infant experiences withdrawal symptoms after being exposed to drugs during pregnancy. This term is becoming less common. 

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS):  A form of neonatal abstinence syndrome specific to the use of opioids. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms resulting from opioid use are the most well understood. 

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): A form of Substance Use Disorder specific to the use of opioids which can include cravings, increased opioid tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuing use. 

Plan of Care: A plan provided by the state for all infants exposed to substances to promote treatment for the infant and its caregiver(s). 

Plan of Safe Care: Individually tailored plan put together between social service, medical, and mental health treatment providers in partnership with caregiver(s) to improve the health and safety of infants impacted by prenatal substance use, as well as the recovery outcomes of their caregiver(s).

Prenatal Care: The care received by a pregnant person prior to giving birth, including regular checkups, prenatal testing, and education about pregnancy and childbirth. Best practices recommend starting prenatal care as soon as possible after becoming aware of a pregnancy. 

Pregnant Person(s) with Substance Use Disorder (PPWSUD): A person who is pregnant and has been diagnosed with substance use disorder.

Pregnancy Related Crime: A criminal violation is pregnancy related if it is criminalized because of a context which includes pregnancy or an action taken specifically by a pregnant person. 

Substance Exposed Newborn: A newborn is substance exposed if it tests positive for traces of substances regardless of whether symptoms are exhibited. 

Substance Use Disorder (SUD): Condition classified by the DSM-5 as a problematic behavioral pattern of substance use which leads to clinically significant negative impacts for a patient including social impairment, increased risk-taking behavior, and physiological symptoms. 

Urine Analysis (UA): Urine analysis is a form of drug testing that is often used in clinical contexts when concerns regarding substance use arise with pregnant patients.